MLA format sample

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20090701095636_747.pdf

MLA Formatting and Style Guide

General Format

MLA style specifies guidelines for formatting manuscripts and using the English language in writing. MLA style also provides writers with a system for referencing their sources through parenthetical citation in their essays and Works Cited pages.

Writers who properly use MLA also build their credibility by demonstrating accountability to their source material. Most importantly, the use of MLA style can protect writers from accusations of plagiarism, which is the purposeful or accidental uncredited use of source material by other writers.

If you are asked to use MLA format, be sure to consult the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7th edition). Publishing scholars and graduate students should also consult the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing (3rd edition). The MLA Handbook is available in most writing centers and reference libraries; it is also widely available in bookstores, libraries, and at the MLA web site. See the Additional Resources section of this handout for a list of helpful books and sites about using MLA style.

Paper Format

The preparation of papers and manuscripts in MLA style is covered in chapter four of the MLA Handbook, and chapter four of the MLA Style Manual. Below are some basic guidelines for formatting a paper in MLA style.

General Guidelines

• Type your paper on a computer and print it out on standard, white 8.5 x 11-inch paper.
• Double-space the text of your paper, and use a legible font (e.g. Times New Roman). Whatever font you choose, MLA recommends that the regular and italics type styles contrast enough that they are recognizable one from another. The font size should be 12 pt.
• Leave only one space after periods or other punctuation marks (unless otherwise instructed by your instructor).
• Set the margins of your document to 1 inch on all sides.
• Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch from the left margin. MLA recommends that you use the Tab key as opposed to pushing the Space Bar five times.
• Create a header that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor may ask that you omit the number on your first page. Always follow your instructor's guidelines.)
• Use italics throughout your essay for the titles of longer works and, only when absolutely necessary, providing emphasis.
• If you have any endnotes, include them on a separate page before your Works Cited page. Entitle the section Notes (centered, unformatted).

Formatting the First Page of Your Paper

• Do not make a title page for your paper unless specifically requested.
• In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date. Again, be sure to use double-spaced text.
• Double space again and center the title. Do not underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks; write the title in Title Case (standard capitalization), not in all capital letters.
• Use quotation marks and/or italics when referring to other works in your title, just as you would in your text: Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as Morality Play; Human Weariness in "After Apple Picking"
• Double space between the title and the first line of the text.
• Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes your last name, followed by a space with a page number; number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor or other readers may ask that you omit last name/page number header on your first page. Always follow instructor guidelines.)

Here is a sample of the first page of a paper in MLA style:

The First Page of an MLA Paper

Section Headings

Writers sometimes use Section Headings to improve a document’s readability. These sections may include individual chapters or other named parts of a book or essay.

Essays

MLA recommends that when you divide an essay into sections that you number those sections with an arabic number and a period followed by a space and the section name.

1. Early Writings

2. The London Years

3. Traveling the Continent

4. Final Years

Books

MLA does not have a prescribed system of headings for books (for more information on headings, please see page 146 in the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, 3rd edition). If you are only using one level of headings, meaning that all of the sections are distinct and parallel and have no additional sections that fit within them, MLA recommends that these sections resemble one another grammatically. For instance, if your headings are typically short phrases, make all of the headings short phrases (and not, for example, full sentences). Otherwise, the formatting is up to you. It should, however, be consistent throughout the document.

If you employ multiple levels of headings (some of your sections have sections within sections), you may want to provide a key of your chosen level headings and their formatting to your instructor or editor.

The Theme and Structure of "Wuthering Heights"

Tempest in the Soul: The Theme and Structure of "Wuthering Heights"
Melvin R. Watson
Nineteenth-Century Fiction
Vol. 4, No. 2 (Sep., 1949), pp. 87-100
Published by: University of California Press
Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3044140

Ibn Al Jawzi

If you find darkness in your heart after you have sinned, know then that in your heart there is a light, because of this light you felt the darkness.

Imam Shafi’ee

If a person were wise, his concern over his own sins would distract him from seeing the faults of others.

Ali ibn Abi Talib (radiallahu anhu)

“If one night you see someone committing a sin, tomorrow do not look at him as a sinner, he may have repented during the night and you did not know.”

Ibn Taymiyyah

“Some people have the disease of criticising all the time. They forget the good about others and only mention their faults. They are like flies that avoid the good and pure places and land on the bad places and on wounds. This is because of the evil within the self and the spoiled nature.”

Remembering Sep 11,2001 attack

A simple geometric fold creates a catastrophic premonition printed on all $20 bills!!!

TRIPLE COINCIDENCE ON A SIMPLE $20 BILL
Pentagon,Twin towers and Osama

This is a bit of a strange story.

This is a bit of a strange story.

The Yangtze River, China’s longest river, suddenly turned a red colour over the last few days. As of yet, scientists are unsure as to why.

Although the source of the problem is unknown, I think we can rule out a couple of possible explanations.

For instance, biological activity is often offered as a cause of discolouration of water bodies. However, in this instance, I would be inclined to say that this is not the problem. Intrusion of colour causing bacteria is usually the result of a decrease in oxygen concentration of a water body. But, as this is a river, and by definition is free moving, a significant decrease in oxygen levels on this scale is unlikely. I would also think an algal bloom is an unlikely cause, the main microorganisms that cause large discolourations or “red tide” are predominantly marine based, and of course, this is fresh water.

On the other hand, one cause that could most certainly be valid is industrial pollution; the surrounding area of the river is home to China’s largest industrial centre. Since the phenomenon has happened so quickly, it is possible that it is the result of a large release of chemical dyes into the river at some point upstream. But this will not be confirmed till analysis is complete.

If it is not found to be the direct result of a pollutant release, I would be inclined to attribute the problem to Acid Mine Drainage. AMD, can occur when water flows over or through sulphur-bearing materials forming solutions of net acidity. It is mainly associated with abandoned coal mines and currently active mining. An iron percipitate is formed and is the cause of a red/orange discolouration.

Of course, there are many other probable causes; the addition of red clay to the water is one. But, whatever the prognosis, this event shows how sensitive water bodies are to changes in their environment.

The Lost Gardens of Heligan, located in United states (not Photoshopped) More Info : [www.goo.gl/9vA67]

nasa's recent photo about sun

haj mubarak

5 Mistakes Coffee Drinkers Make

Even though you have a cup every day, you may still be surprised to learn how it's affecting you (and your mood and your sleep…).

1. Not Realizing That Coffee's Power Over Women Waxes and Wanes
What you do: You get the same-size brew every day of the month.
How it affects you: Hormonal fluctuations can slow down caffeine metabolism, explains James D. Lane, PhD, a professor of medical psychology at Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina, and a longtime caffeine researcher. This is why women who are pregnant (most docs agree that one cup a day is fine during pregnancy) or taking estrogen-containing contraceptives may feel like a little caffeine goes an extra-long way. Lane's studies have also shown that the process is slightly slower during the times of the menstrual cycle when estrogen is highest.
What to try: Try a smaller size cup during the late luteal phase of your cycle (or when you usually experience PMS) to see if it makes any difference in how you feel and how you sleep.

2. Using It to Replace Cigarettes
What you do: After finally giving up smoking, your French press becomes your new best friend. 
How it affects you: Lane says that smoking is one of the few things that can slightly blunt a caffeine buzz. He explains that the chemical by-products of tobacco kick the liver into high gear, which spurs it to metabolize caffeine faster. Because of that, research has shown that smokers have a higher caffeine tolerance and need three to four times more than non-smokers to get the same perk-up effects.
What to try: When smokers decide to quit, it's important they realize that the same amount of coffee they usually drink could make them feel agitated, irritable and extra-jittery—not a welcome state at any time, but especially when trying to stick to a tough resolution.

3. Drinking It Too Late...in the Morning
What you do: You follow the medical recommendations to finish your mug before 11 a.m. 
How it affects you: New research shows that some people have a gene that causes them to metabolize caffeine quickly, while others can take two or three times as long, says Lane. This means that if you're one of those people who are genetically predisposed to be very sensitive to caffeine, the 8-ounce cup you drink in the morning might not be completely out of your system until after your bedtime. 
What to try: There isn't an accessible genetic test to find out which kind of coffee metabolizer you are. But if you're doing everything else the sleep docs tell you to doand you're still finding it hard to nod off, make sure you don't have any caffeine for at least 12 hours before you go to bed. (You can track your caffeine consumption using an app like Caffeine Zone 2 Lite)

4. Trying to Sweat It Out
What you do: You have one refill too many, so you go for a run to get the caffeine out of your system. (Or you try to soak it up with starchy food. Or you drink tons of water in an attempt to, well, flush it out.)
How it affects you: Caffeine molecules circulate through your bloodstream and are eventually broken down by the liver into an inactive form that's then excreted through the kidneys. Experts say there isn't anything you can do to speed up the process once it's already begun. 
What to try: Caffeine exaggerates your response to stress, says Lane. This means that regulating your emotions will make you much less likely to have a full-blown caffeine-induced freakout. When you start to feel agitated, Lane suggests going into a quiet room (or putting on noise-blocking headphones) and doing the things that you would typically do to de-stress: meditate, perform a few sun salutations, practice deep breathing.

5. Thinking Espresso Is for Die-Hards Only
What you do: You shy away from espresso because you think the extra caffeine will make you feel wired.
How it affects you: Espresso packs a concentrated punch of caffeine—but that's why it's served in tiny cups. So a standard shot of espresso actually has significantly less caffeine than an 8-ounce cup of regular Starbucks brew (75 mg vs. 180 mg). Studies show that the sweet spot of caffeine is between 100 mg and around 400 mg—more than that, and you will find yourself climbing the walls. 
What to try: An espresso can be a convenient alternative to an easy-to-spill mug for days when you need a fast fix.