SUFFIXES by Naila Baig

SUFFIXES (LAHIQA) IN URDU LANGUAGE:

“Aik harf  ya chand haroof ka wo majmoowa jo kisi ba mani lafz k baad laga deny se aik naya lafz ban jahy is baad main bnny waly lafz ya harf ko “lahiqa kehty hain”.

Examples:

§  Andesh : doorandesh, kotahandesh, aqibatandesh, khairandesh.

§  Angez: heratangez, wehshatangez, ghamangez, riqtangez, ibratangez.

§  Baan: jahanban, negahban, shittaban, gariban, failban.

§  Daan: namkdaan, rayazidaan, roshandaan, qadrdaan, charaghdaan, qalmdaan.

§  Dost:  ilmdost, khudadost, watndost, aeshdost, zardost.

§  Gar: perhezgar, parwardigar, khidmatgar, talbgar.

§  Nasheen: pardanasheen, dilnasheen, goshanasheen, humnasheen, zehannasheen.

§  Pasand: dilpasnad, qadamatpasand, khudpasand, aeshpasand.

§  Khwah: badkhwah, dilkhwah, khatirkhwah, khairkhwah.

§  Daar: maldaar, ilmdaar, jahndaar, dildaar, jaandaar, wafadaar, zardaar.

There are a variety of situations where the suffix ‘aan (N)’ in Urdu words of Persian origins is used. The most obvious is for the (mainly) animate plural, e.g. zan-aan (women, ladies), mard-aan (men) etc. However, take a look at the shi'r by Majrooh Sultanpuri:

Dahar meN “Majrooh” ko’ii jaavidaaN mazmuuN kahaaN
maiN jise chhuutaa gayaa vo jaavidaaN bantaa gayaa

We know that "jaaved" means "eternal". Similarly "shaad" means "happy".

Here is a Faiz’s shi'r:                                                                                         

yaad-e-Ghazaal chashmaaN, zikr-e-saman `azaaraaN
jab chaahaa kar liya hai, kunj-e-qafas bahaaraaN

"bahaar", we all know is "barkhaa-rut" but what is "bahaaraaN"?

There are many many such words, but these few examples will suffice
for the time being.

آباد (-ābād)

1. A suffix denoting a populated or inhabited area.

 Derived terms:

اسدآباد (Asadabad) حیدرآباد (Hyderabad) خرم‌آباد (Khorramabad) جلال‌آباد (Jalalabad)

صابرآباد (Sabirabad) ظفرآباد (Zafarabad) فیروزآباد (Firouzabad) نجف‌آباد (Najafabad)

• There are many other words which are used in Urdu language as a suffixes such as, zada (dehshatzada, Selabzada, Khofzada), Surat (Khubsurat, badsurat, khofsurat), Gah (Ibadtgah, pangah), istan (Pakistan, registan), I (salai, unchai, lambai).

NOUN PLURALS

There are different plural suffixes for masculine marked, feminine marked, and feminine unmarked nouns. Masculine unmarked nouns have no plural suffixes.

·         The suffixes –a and _a (masculine marked) changed into _e: ‘Larka’ into ‘larke’ and ‘baccha’ into ‘bacche’.

·         If the suffix –a is nasalized then the plural form is also nasalized lie for example; Kuan (well) into kuen.